Word Choice
diction 措辞, 用语 : the choice of words 讲话或书写中，对词的使用或选择
poetic diction 诗歌用语: the use of elevated language over ordinary language
formal diction: consists of a dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language
middle diction: spoken by most educated people
informal diction: presented colloquially（用通俗语）, in a conversational manner that in this instance includes slang expressions not used by the culture at large
dialect 方言: spoken by definable groups of people from a particular geographic region, economic group, or social class.
jargon 行话: a category of language defined by a trade or profession
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denotations 直接意义：the literal, dictionary meanings of a word一个词字面的/最直接的意义
connotations 言外之意：associations and implications that go beyond a word's literal meanings 字面意思之外涵的意义
connotations derives from how the word has been used and the associations people make with it. They derives their resonance from a person's experience with a word.
persona: a speaker created by the poet 第一人称：在文艺作品中代表说话者的声音/个性
ambiguity 模棱两可,晦涩: allows for 2 or more simultaneous interpretations of a word, phrase, action or situation, all of which can be supported by the context of a work.
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Word Order
syntax 句法 : the ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns 研究词或其它句了成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科
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Tone: the writer's attitude toward the subject, the mood created by all of the elements in the poem (serious/light,sad/happy, private/public, angry/affectionate, bitter/nostalgic 怀旧的)
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image：language that addresses the senses